Pregnancy Tips : Smoking causes Ectopic pregnancy risk

Scientists have revealed female smokers have a higher risk of ectopic pregnancy - a condition affecting around 30,000 people in UK every year.

Ectopic pregnancies occur when a fertilised egg becomes implanted outside the womb, usually in the fallopian tubes.In a study University of Edinburgh researchers concluded that female smokers who have had experienced an ectopic pregnancy have raised levels of the protein PROKR1 in their fallopian tubes.Increased presence of PROKR1 is thought to hinder the transfer of eggs to the uterus by preventing the muscles in the fallopian tube walls from contracting.Cotinine in cigarette is responsible for the harmful levels of the protein.

According to a study published in the latest edition of the American Journal of Pathology,Smoking is thought to increase the risk of an ectopic pregnancy by up to four times.The egg implants itself in the fallopian tube instead of the womb in 98% of cases. This can cause the tube to rupture and affect a woman's ability to conceive in future.

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Diksha Ohri

 

Diksha Ohri

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Pregnancy tips:Cut Preeclampsia during early Pregnancy

Preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal death threatening life of both mother and child.This condition begins in early Pregnancy with under development of the placenta,often not revealing symptoms until the second half of pregnancy.To develop effective treatment and prevention strategies one need to be able to start treatment in early pregnancy.

Gaining weight during pregnancy is a real struggle for many new mothers.But dropping about 4 kg weight between pregnancies may help many women diagnosed with Preeclampsia during the first pregnancy to avoid a recurrence the second time around.

Preeclampsia, caused by high blood pressure, protein in the urine and swelling during pregnancy , kidneys and the body's blood clotting system. Researchers still don't know why some of the  women develop preeclampsia and some don't but being overweight or obese appears to be a risk factor.

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Thousand pregnant women dies every day:India Tops

According to latest reports for Millennium Development Goals, pregnant women dying has decreased by 34% from an estimated 5,46,000 in 1990 to 3,58,000 in 2008.

Number of women worldwide who die from complications during pregnancy and childbirth has decreased 34 percent in the past 20 years.India’s maternal mortality rate (MMR) has been declined  by 59% since 1990, but still records 63,000 maternal deaths in a year.In Asia, number of maternal deaths is have dropped from 3.15 lakhs to 1.39 lakhs.

Maternal mortality rate resulting 2.3 percent annual rate of decline is still lesser than half for MDG goal of reducing ratio by 75% from 1990 to 2015.Of those 1,000 pregnant women who died in 2008, 570 lived in sub-Saharan Africa, 300 in South Asia and five in high-income countries.

By reaching women in rural areas and poorer households, women from ethnic minorities and indigenous groups, and women living with HIV and in conflict zones it can be reduced further.

Indian Union health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad says "maternal health is at extreme for all of us because life begins from here. I am aware that a large number of maternal deaths take place in India, which can be prevented. By preventing the delays in health care and by addressing the causes of maternal mortality like unsafe abortions, a lot of avoidable maternal deaths can be prevented."

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Pregnancy Tips :Don’t use Pills for sickness in Pregnancy

Pregnant ? thinking of taking something to avoid the dreaded morning sickness,don’t do this adviced from scientists who studied medicines and other remedies aimed at curing the condition.

Their conclusion is that no reliable treatment exists to prevent morning sickness. Some claiming to do so even have unpleasant side-effects, they say.

The exact causes of morning sickness are unknown but up to 85 per cent of pregnant women experience nausea, with half of those suffering vomiting.

Some turn to acupuncture, vitamin B6 and ginger but these will do little, the researchers add. In fact, ginger causes heartburn in some women.

‘A number of studies appeared to show benefits but in general the results were inconsistent’ said lead researcher Dr Anne Matthews, of Dublin City University’s school of nursing.

‘It was difficult to draw firm conclusions about any one.

‘We were also unable to obtain much information about whether these treatments are actually making a difference to women’s quality of life.’

She added: ‘The difficulties in interpreting the results of the studies highlight the need for further trials.’

One of the few treatments that led to slight improvements was acustimulation, where mild electrical stimulation is applied to acupuncture pressure points.

Source: http://www.metro.co.uk/news/840264-pills-useless-for-sickness-in-pregnancy

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Pregnancy tips for women

PREGNANCY IS regarded as one of the most important time in a woman's life. This is a period wherein a pregnant woman needs to carefully follow her physician's advice. The advice eventually land up helping the mother and the new born. The rule of the thumb is, whenever a woman gets the first signs of being pregnant woman needs to ensure that good prenatal care is undertaken which will be good for both mother and the baby.

It is highly adviced that regular checkups be conducted without missing out on even one appointment. In rare cases, if problems are detected, an early solution to the problem will yield better results.

One of the best advices that physicians give is quitting cigarettes before getting pregnant and definitely when pregnancy is detected. Passive smoking too, takes a serious toll on the unborn's health and so preventive measures need to be taken to ensure that the surroundings are absolutely smoke free. Same goes with alcohol, it has not yet been proven that intake of alcohol, even in small quantities in any way, helps the baby. It is best if these two things are kept at a bay.

The best way in which both the mother as well as the baby will keep themselves healthier is exercising. The amount of time spent in exercising shows its results directly in the labour room where the woman has to struggle less, reduces the need of going in for cesarean and above all, it helps the woman in getting back to her pre-pregnancy shape.

Talking to your physician will help a great deal as he/she will be guide you on the type of food that has to be eaten and a favorable position in which a woman has to sleep. Eating food high in fibre, folates, iron and calcium is likely that a physician might recommend. Drinking plenty of water too helps, minimum 6-8 glasses on a daily basis.

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Pregnancy Tips to have baby girl

Reducing salt and having diet of beans and hard cheese gives mothers better chance of giving birth to girl child, shows research.

The right combination of food and the timing of sex are the key factors in determining whether it's a boy or a girl, the UK's Mail on Sunday reported.

Mothers should cut foods containing sodium and potassium-rich food such as olives, bacon, salami, smoked salmon, potatoes, blue cheese, meats, bread and pastries.

Calcium-rich foods include yogurt, hard cheese, rhubarb, spinach, tofu, almonds, oatmeal, broccoli and oranges. Brazil and cashew nuts, whole wheat cereals, figs and beans are packed with magnesium.

Scientists from Maastricht University in Holland, also say the chances of having a daughter are boosted if couples have regular sex but not on days immediately before or after ovulation.

The findings come after a five-year study involving 172 Western European women aged from 23 to 42 who had all previously given birth to boys but wanted girls.Almost 80 per cent of the women who stuck to the diet ended up giving birth to girls.

Source: heraldsun.com.au

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UNICEF Reports Increase in Maternal and Child Health Indicators in India

The Coverage Evaluation Survey 2009 (CES-2009), a nationwide survey covering all States and Union Territories of India, commissioned by UNICEF was conducted during November 2009 to January 2010.

The CES shows significant increase in major indicators for maternal and child health including immunization and reaffirms the positive results of the strategies adopted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) for the Reproductive and Child Health Programme.

Maternal health

Janani Suraksha Yojana has changed the scenario of institutional delivery in the country. The CES results show that when compared to data of NFHS-III, which provides the figures for 2005-06, beginning of NRHM, certain important parameters of maternal health have shown impressive increases:

Institutional delivery has increased from 40.7 % to 72.9 %

Safe delivery by skilled birth attendants has increased from 48.2% to 76 %

Mothers who had 3 or more Ante Natal Check-ups has also increased from 50.7 % to 68.7%.

In the so called backward states such as Madhya Pradesh institutional delivery has increased from 29.7 % to 81%, in Orissa where institutional delivery has increased from 38.8 % to 75.5%, in Rajasthan from 32.2 % to 70.4 %, in Bihar from 22.0 % to 48.3%, in Chhattisgarh from 15.7% to 44.9% and in Uttar Pradesh this has increased from 22.0 % to 62.1 %.

Child Health

There has been a considerable improvement in Child Health indicators as compared to NFHS III (2005 -06)

· The proportion of children with diarrhoea in the last two weeks who received ORS has increased from 26 % in NFHS III to 53.6 in CES 2009

· The proportion of children with Acute Respiratory Infection in the last two weeks who were given advise or treatment has increased from 69% in NFHS III (2005-06) to 82.6% in CES 2009

· The number of children breast fed within one hour has increased from 24.5 % in NFHS III (2005 -06) to 33.5 % in CES 2009

Additionally the CES findings in some of the high focus states show substantial change in two critical child health indicators:

Oral Rehydration Solution Use/Oral Rehydration Therapy (increased fluids for diarrhoea)

§ Orissa (54.8 % in NFHS III to 69.0 % in CES)

§ Chhattisgarh (46.4 % in NFHS III to 68.3 % in CES)

§ Jammu & Kashmir (46.6 % in NFHS III to 79.8 % in CES)

Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) care seeking in any health facility

§ Madhya Pradesh (51.5 % in NFHS III to 75.9 % in CES )

§ Jharkhand (67.0 % in NFHS III to 70.9 % in CES)

§ Bihar (70.2 % in NFHS III to 82.9 % in CES)

§ Orissa (76.5 % in NFHS III to 79.4 % in CES)

§ Chhattisgarh (66.8 % in NFHS III to 85.0 % in CES)

§ Jammu & Kashmir (71.6 % in NFHS III to 83.7 % in CES)

The Coverage Evaluation Survey shows a significant change in newborn care practices which are important in preventing infections and hypothermia and absence of these practises contribute substantially to Infant Mortality Rate. For instance:

· 86.0% of the newborn had their cord cut with a sterilized/new blade

· 43.6% of newborn were not given bath immediately.

· 74.3% of children were wiped dry and wrapped

· The Proportion of newborn checked within 24 hours is 65.6%

Routine Immunization

The full immunization coverage at the national level has also increased to 61.0% as per CES (Coverage Evaluation Survey) 2009 from 43.5 % in NFHS-3 (2005-06). Of the 23 states that have shown improvement in full immunization coverage when compared to NFHS -3 (2005-06), 9 states have shown improvement in full immunization coverage of 20 -30 %; and similarly in 6 states the improvement has been between 10-20%. The large states like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam, Karnataka, Maharashtra has shown improvement of full immunization coverage of more than 15 % as compared to NFHS-3. These improvements have been due to the various NRHM initiatives including strengthening of the immunization programme.

The findings of the survey are a testimony to the positive results of the RCH –II Programme and the efforts being made under National Rural Health Mission.

Source: pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=65506 (Press Release)

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